Applications
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9.Soil Improvement And Remediation
The mechanism of heavy metal pollution remediation: Heavy metal ions are fixed through electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, surface complexation and precipitation, reducing their bioavailability.
Mechanism of improvement in saline-alkali land: Reduce soil exchangeable sodium (Ex-Na), enhance the efficiency of organic carbon and nitrogen cycles, and improve the microbial community.
Mechanism of organic pollution control: Micropores adsorb organic pollutants (such as pesticides and plasticizers), and chemically reduce and degrade refractory organic substances.
The mechanism of soil structure optimization and fertility improvement: Enhance the stability of aggregates, improve water and nutrient retention capacity, and supplement potassium literacy.
Activated carbon in soil remediation is both a "pollutant catcher" (heavy metals/organic toxins) and an "ecological engineer" (structural improvement/microbial activation). Its multi-scale application is promoting the transformation of land regeneration from chemical remediation to an ecological paradigm of "carbon-microbial-mineral" synergy.
The application of activated carbon in soil remediation |
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Application scenarios |
Target pollutant/ Problem |
Applicable types of activated carbon |
Technical proposal |
Mode of action |
Application case/effect |
Remediation of heavy metal pollution |
Cd、Pb、Zn... |
KOH activated nut shell carbon (specific surface area >2000 m²/g) |
1-3% for ploughing and application |
Electrostatic adsorption + precipitation effect |
Soil available state Cd↓68%, corn Pb↓85% |
improvement of saline land |
High Na⁺, low fertility |
Mesoporous biochar + nitrogen-fixing bacteria loading |
2.5% carbon +10 mL/kg bacterial agent |
Reduce Ex-Na and increase the abundance of the nifH gene |
Organic carbon ↑74.75%, porosity ↑41.2% |
Organic pollution control and prevention |
Pesticides, plasticizers |
Plastic-derived carbon (specific surface area 400 m²/g) |
Lay a 20 cm barrier layer in the contaminated area |
Microporous adsorption + chemical reduction |
The adsorption rate of the plasticizer is over 45% |
Improvement of acidified soil |
Low pH, aluminium toxicity |
Alkaline modified carbon (compounded limestone) |
Mix and apply with base fertilizer |
Increase pH and passivate Al³⁺ |
pH↑0.2-1.4 units |
Soil structure optimization |
Compacted and low in organic matter |
Straw carbon (carbon >60%) |
Carbon-based fertilizers can replace 30% of chemical fertilizers |
Promote the formation of aggregates and retain water and nutrients |
The CEC↑ in the soil was 45%, and the yield increased by 16%
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Carbon sequestration and fertility enhancement |
Low SOC and nutrient imbalance |
High-stability carbon-structured carbon |
Application in vegetation restoration areas |
Aggregate physical protection OC |
SOC↑ in karst areas is 46% |
Horticultural cultivation |
The roots are rotten and have poor air permeability |
Granular fruit shell carbon |
Mixed substrate (carbon: garden soil =1:5) |
Oxygenation and antibacterial, providing potassium fertilizer |
The hardening rate of potted plants ↓80% |